Bi-weekly Update on the Current Situation in Myanmar
(16-11-2024 to 30-11-2024)
(46) months ago, on 1 February 2021, the military junta attempted an illegal coup, toppled the civilian government, and unlawfully detained State Counsellor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, President U Win Myint, and other senior members of the civilian government, parliamentarians and activists. Since then, the military junta has ignored the will of the people of Myanmar, placed the country in turmoil, and made people suffer tremendously as a result of its inhumane and disproportionate acts.
As of 30 November 2024, according to the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (AAPP), the military has ruthlessly killed 6,000 people and arrested another 27,751 people. 21,189 people remain in detention and 170 people have been sentenced to death, including 119 post-coup death row prisoners and 44 in absentia since 1 February 2021, when the military unleashed systematic and targeted attacks and violence against innocent civilians. Four democracy activists who were sentenced to death were executed by the military junta in July 2022.
Crimes committed Across Myanmar by the Junta Troops and its affiliates
Crimes perpetrated by the junta troops and its associates, militias across Myanmar include extrajudicial killings, arbitrary arrests and detentions, torture, sexual violence, enforced disappearances, and the targeting of civilians, including children. These atrocities have led to widespread displacement, destruction of civilian properties, and a climate of fear and insecurity among the civilian population. The junta's widespread and systematic tactics of brutality are aimed at suppressing dissent and maintaining its grip on power, regardless of the human cost and violations of international law.
According to the data collected by AAPP, from November 1 to 30, 2024, (80) people in total: (34) women and (46) men, were killed by the junta across the country, including (20) children under the age of 18 and (13) people over the age of 60. The identities of these victims have been verified. Among them, Rakhine State recorded the highest number of fatalities with (21) victims, followed by (18) deaths in Sagaing Region. Among (80) deceased, (41) people were killed by the junta’s airstrikes making the highest cause of death, followed by (21) by the junta’s artillery strikes.
War Crimes, Crimes against Humanity and Mass Murders Committed by the Military Junta
Military Junta Airstrikes Kill Children and Civilians in Kachin and Northern Shan States
At least 11 civilians, including children, were killed in a series of airstrikes by military junta across Kachin State and northern Shan State since late second week of November. On 15 November 2024, an airstrike on Konlaw village in Momauk Township, Kachin State resulted in at least eight fatalities and several injuries. According to a local source , the airstrike targeted a church sheltering internally displaced persons (IDPs).
The source stated that IDPs from Momauk were staying at the church when the attack occurred. Approximately eight people, including children at play, died instantly in the strike, and it also destroyed the church. Photographic evidence reviewed by Myanmar Now confirmed that at least five of the deceased were children. Konlaw village is situated approximately 17 miles north of Momauk town, which has been under KIA control since 19 August. Military junta forces have made multiple attempts to recapture the town and surrounding areas.
The Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) reported that on 17 November, military junta conducted additional airstrikes on Mongngawt and Kutkai towns in northern Shan State, resulting in the deaths of two women and a child, with at least 18 others injured.
According to TNLA, Mongngawt experienced two strikes around 11:30 am, causing injuries to five women and destroying 15 houses. The attack on Kutkai occurred shortly before midnight near a Chinese Baptist church in Ward 4, damaging several buildings and leaving seven men and six women injured.
TNLA also reported that military junta artillery attacks on Tha Yet Cho Village in Nawnghkio Township wounded at least two civilians on 17 November. The group noted that military junta conducts near-daily attacks on towns and villages under TNLA control, prompting them to warn civilians to avoid gathering in potential target areas.
Military Junta's Raids Force Thousands to Flee in Sagaing Region
Local sources and resistance groups reported that military junta operations have displaced thousands of civilians in resistance-held areas of Kyunhla and Monywa townships in Sagaing Region.
The Kyunhla Township People's Administrative Team (PAT) stated that on 21 November 2024, over 7,000 people from nine villages in Kyunhla Township were forced to evacuate after military junta forces and their affiliated militias raided Koke Ko Kone village. A PAT spokesperson confirmed on 22 November that at least 250 military junta troops and affiliated militia members entered Koke Ko Kone and remain present.
Local sources reported that several houses in Koke Ko Kone were set ablaze, and military junta aircrafts bombed the area around 7:30pm. The full extent of destruction remains unclear as military junta troops continue operations in the area.
The affected villages, including Koke Ko Kone, Hlut Taik, and Ma Daung, are situated east of the Thapanseik Reservoir and north of Kyunhla Town. The Kyunhla PAT estimates that the military junta's repeated raids since their illegal coup have permanently displaced at least 15,000 people in the township. In Monywa Township, resistance groups reported that military junta forces captured several resistance camps near Neikban Wa Village on Wednesday before entering and burning Kyee Oke Village. Military junta deployed four vehicles carrying approximately 150 soldiers to a hilltop pagoda near Neikban Wa, located about 13 miles southeast of Monywa.
Resistance groups stated that military junta forces raided at least three other nearby villages over three days and detained around 30 people as human shields. The status of these detainees remains unknown as military junta operations continue. According to Data for Myanmar, an independent research organization, military junta has burned more than 73,300 houses in Sagaing Region since February 2021.
Military Junta's Airstrikes Kill Six Civilians in Chin State amid Ongoing Clashes
Military junta's airstrikes killed six civilians, including one woman, when bombs hit a clinic in Lumte Village, Falam Township, Chin State on the fourth week of November, according to Myanmar Now’s report. The Chin Human Rights Organisation (CHRO) reported that all victims were civilians seeking medical care at the clinic when the bombing occurred. Sources confirmed there had been no recent clashes near Lumte Village, located approximately 20 miles east of Falam. The airstrike also damaged a church and several houses in the village.
Meanwhile, the Chin Brothers Alliance continues fighting against military junta forces in Mindat Township, southern Chin State, three weeks after combat began in the area. Local sources reported extensive damage to infrastructure and civilian homes. A representative from the Mindat Township IDP management committee stated that approximately 200 houses in civilian residential areas were damaged by military junta's arson attacks, artillery shelling, and airstrikes. Houses near Infantry Battalion (IB) 274 base, less than two miles west of Mindat's urban centre, also suffered damage from fires set by military junta troops last month.
Military junta forces maintain positions in ten or more locations throughout Mindat. While some units continue fighting, others have been defeated by Chinland Defence Forces of Mindat (CDF-Mindat). A Mindat Township People's Administrative Team (PAT) representative confirmed that almost all positions held by military junta troops are under attack, including renewed battles at the IB-274 base.
Military junta has conducted multiple airstrikes and rocket attacks in Mindat Township, including highly destructive 500-pound bombs. A PAT representative reported that at least six bombs were dropped in a single raid last week. Remaining civilians in and near Mindat's urban wards are sheltered in makeshift bunkers under houses or in nearby fields. The IDP management committee spokesperson noted that people cannot move freely outside and are surviving on previously stored food. Mindat Township, comprising four urban wards and 46 rural village tracts, had an estimated population of 42,000 before February 2021.
Military Junta's Artillery Attack Kills Six Civilians Including Children in Southern Shan State
The Karenni Human Rights Group (KHRG) reported that military junta's indiscriminate artillery shelling killed six civilians, including three children, in Pekhon Township, southern Shan State near the Karenni (Kayah) State border.
On 27 November, artillery shells struck Kone Paw Village on the eastern shore of the Moebye Reservoir around 3pm, killing a teenage girl, two infants, two women, and one man. KHRG representative Banya Khung Aung stated that a one-month-old girl, a one-year-old girl, and their mother from Kone Paw died at the scene, while the other three victims were displaced persons seeking shelter in the village. Three others were wounded in the attack, including a 12-year-old boy who sustained critical abdominal injuries. Banya Khung Aung confirmed that the boy's mother was among those killed.
Local sources reported that military junta troops have been conducting regular artillery attacks on both civilian and resistance positions from newly established hilltop outposts near Pekhon Town. Military junta forces have positioned themselves in various locations within the town, including schools, the police station, and entrance checkpoints. The Karenni Nationalities Defense Force (KNDF) spokesperson reported ongoing fighting in Pekhon Township as military junta forces attempt to recapture Moebye, a village tract under Karenni resistance control approximately 14 miles southeast of Pekhon town.
On 26 November, Karenni resistance forces intercepted military junta troops near the Karenni-Shan border, about two miles northwest of Loikaw and five miles east of Moebye. The troops had deployed from an infantry battalion base in Bago Region. The encounter resulted in military junta casualties, weapons seizures, and the capture of five soldiers.
In early November, military junta's shelling killed four civilians and wounded six others in villages between Moebye and Loikaw. Additionally, two civilians in Pekhon Township lost their lives when military junta aircraft struck Kar La Village during the same period.
Human Rights Abuses
Foreign Investment in Myanmar Falls to Record Low Since Military Junta's Illegal Seizure of Power
Data from the Directorate of Investment and Company Administration (DICA) controlled by the military junta reveals that foreign investment in Myanmar has reached its lowest level since February 2021, amid continuing instability, violence, and human rights violations by military junta. DICA figures show that foreign investment from April to October, the first seven months of financial year 2024-25, amounted to only $226 million. This marks the lowest investment level in the three years and nine months since military junta's illegal seizure of power.
For comparison, foreign direct investment (FDI) reached approximately $661 million in 2023-24, and $1,640 million in 2022-23. FDI totaled $642 million from October 2021 to March 2022, when military junta altered the financial year from October-September to April-March. Total foreign investment between October 2021 and October 2024 amounted to $3,168 million. In contrast, under the National League for Democracy government, FDI reached $4,879 million in a single financial year (October 2019-September 2020).
An economist told Myanmar Now that political instability, currency depreciation, erratic economic management by military junta, and insufficient electricity supply have deterred foreign businesses. He added that Western sanctions significantly impact foreign investment, with major international companies avoiding Myanmar due to increased indirect costs and higher risk of losses. DICA data indicates that among 33 foreign businesses investing in Myanmar from April through October 2024, only four were new investors. Most remaining investors are based in China and Singapore, historically the largest sources of foreign investment.
Following February 2021, numerous foreign businesses suspended operations, while dozens of international companies across various sectors - including fossil fuels, telecommunications, electricity, and mining - left Myanmar. Due to foreign sanctions and concerns about associating with military junta's human rights violations, some foreign investors, such as Japanese beverage company Kirin Holdings, have ended partnerships with military junta-owned businesses like Myanma Economic Holdings Limited and Myanmar Economic Corporation.
Several foreign entities have also suspended business with military junta-controlled Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise, which faces U.S. Treasury financial sanctions and European Union sanctions. Military junta faces an intensifying foreign currency crisis due to deteriorating market conditions and disrupted border trade caused by expanding conflicts with resistance forces and ethnic armed groups. The economist noted that military junta is attempting to supplement foreign currency reserves through stricter enforcement of taxes on Myanmar workers abroad. While they earn foreign currency from oil, natural gas, and some exports like garments, these earnings are not sustainable long-term, leading to efforts to tax workers abroad.
The potential taxation of Myanmar migrant workers, with over four million in Thailand alone, could provide military junta with billions in revenue if successfully implemented.
Concerns Mount Over Safety of US Citizen Monk in Detention
Irrawaddy Reported that former political prisoners, monks, and disciples have raised serious concerns about the well-being of U Pinnya Zawta, a prominent monk and U.S. citizen, who has been held in detention since 13 November. The abbot of Metta Parami Monastery in Buffalo, New York, was arrested in Mingaladon Township, Yangon while visiting Myanmar for religious purposes on a visa issued by the Myanmar Embassy in Washington.
The Irrawaddy reported that according to a former political prisoner close to U Pinnya Zawta, his disciples have informed the U.S. Embassy and relevant organizations about the arrest but have been unable to establish contact. The source confirmed that a female disciple in Yangon has also been detained, along with others connected to the monk, and all communication has been lost.
Former political prisoners have highlighted past incidents of fatal torture in interrogation facilities. U Zawana, a Buddhist monk and former political prisoner, expressed deep concern about U Pinnya Zawta being held incommunicado, noting that current conditions pose severe risks of life-threatening injuries or disability.
The 64-year-old monk, who entered monkhood at age 20, requires medication for diabetes and an enlarged prostate, raising additional health concerns during his detention. Since February 2021, numerous political prisoners have died due to lack of timely medical treatment, including senior National League for Democracy (NLD) member U Nyan Win, NLD vice-chair Dr. Zaw Myint Maung, and former electricity minister U Win Khaing.
U Pinnya Zawta, a key figure in the 2007 Saffron Revolution and founder of the Young Monks Union in Myanmar, had previously fled the country due to persecution before obtaining U.S. citizenship. Former political prisoner U Htun Kyi warned that U.S. citizenship may not ensure protection, citing cases of other foreign nationals in detention. The U.S. Embassy in Myanmar acknowledged awareness of the monk's detention but declined further comment, indicating a comprehensive update would follow after consulting with relevant consular offices.
Known affectionately as Nat Zaw among fellow political prisoners, U Pinnya Zawta was previously imprisoned in 1990 and 1998 for participating in a religious boycott called "pattanikkujjana," which involves refusing religious services to those who have committed offenses against clergy or religious principles.
Fuel Supply Blocked to Areas Beyond Military Control
Report of the Irrawaddy stated that the military junta has imposed a ban on fuel distribution to northern Shan, Kachin and Rakhine states and Sagaing Region, where it has lost extensive territorial control, intensifying the humanitarian crisis in these areas.
According to fuel importers, the military junta warned filling stations and distributors in October that they would face three-month closures and suspension of fuel allocations if they supplied areas under ethnic armed organizations' control.
"Some stations that sold fuel to Kachin and northern Shan states were shut down last month, including OK Htoo and Winner filling stations," a fuel business owner in Yangon confirmed to Irrawaddy.
The military junta's restrictions extend across all of Rakhine State, northern Shan State, Kachin State except Myitkyina, and 26 townships in Sagaing Region including Tigyaing, Pale, Katha, Chaung-U, Kale, Salingyi, Ye-U, Budalin, Indaw, Yinmabin, Kantbalu, Tamu, Myaung, Khin-U, Depayain and Kawlin. The ban also affects Pauk Township in Magwe Region, and Mogoke and Myingyan townships in Mandalay Region.
Fuel supplies previously imported from China through Kanpiketi in Kachin State and Muse in northern Shan State using yuan payments have halted since the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) secured control of Kanpiketi. A Mandalay-based fuel distribution manager reported that the restrictions have spawned black market trading, driving up transportation costs. In Muse, filling station closures have pushed black market prices to 15,000-18,000 kyats per liter.
While fuel prices in Yangon remain around 3,000 kyats per liter under military control, civilians in remote and conflict areas now face prices up to 10,000 kyats per liter. Local sources report extortionate checkpoint fees of up to 2 million kyats per vehicle, with no guarantee of passage. These restrictions represent another systematic attempt by the military junta to cut off essential supplies to areas beyond its control, directly impacting civilian populations' access to basic necessities.
Actions of Resistance Forces against the Junta
Arakan Army Captures Taungup Town Center in Southern Rakhine State
Local sources reported that Arakan Army (AA) forces gained control of Taungup Town center in southern Rakhine State on 22 November, overcoming military junta positions in the urban area. Residents confirmed to Myanmar Now that AA forces advanced into Taungup Township's urban wards this week, compelling military junta personnel to withdraw. However, the military junta retains control of Light Infantry Battalion (LIB) 346 and 544 bases and the Military Operations Command 5 (MOC-5) headquarters outside the town center.
On 19 November, military junta conducted airstrikes during clashes with AA in Taungup, resulting in four civilian fatalities, including two teenage girls, in Thin Chi Kaing village, approximately one mile north of the urban wards. Combat intensified in the Taungup area since early November as AA attempted to advance into the town, while simultaneously launching operations against military junta forces in Ann and Gwa townships in southern Rakhine State.
Residents reported that airstrikes and artillery fire damaged wards and villages surrounding MOC-5. A Taungup resident stated that at least 17 houses in Thein Taung Ward near the Shwe Taung ice factory were damaged by military junta's artillery and bombing this week. Local sources indicated at least 20 civilian injuries during this week's clashes, though Myanmar Now could not independently verify casualties due to widespread communications disruptions across the state.
On 21 November, AA conducted evacuations from areas under their control, relocating approximately 800 people to safe zones using vehicles. A Taungup resident who left the town four days earlier confirmed on Friday that AA moved around 800 civilians using vehicles after advising them to evacuate.
Township volunteers reported that at least 10,000 displaced people are seeking safety in rural areas away from the fighting. The township's population was estimated at 150,000 in 2019, with 30 percent residing in Taungup, Ma Ei, and Tan Hlwe Ywar Ma towns. Since resuming offensive operations against military junta one year ago, AA has established control over ten of Rakhine State's 17 townships and Paletwa Township in Chin State.
AA Allied Group Captures Military Junta Soldiers on Strategic Route
The Student Armed Force, allied with the Arakan Army (AA), announced on Thursday that it captured 14 military junta soldiers on 23 November along the Ann-Padan road connecting Rakhine State to Magway Region. The group reported intercepting military junta troops, led by Major Zaw Htet Naung, as they retreated from their position near Ann town, location of military junta's Western Regional Military Command headquarters. The statement noted that medical care was provided to those captured. Due to communication disruptions in Rakhine, additional details remain unconfirmed.
The Ann-Padan road, connecting Ann to Minbu in Magway Region, serves as a crucial supply route for military junta forces and has become a significant target for resistance groups. The Chin Defence Force-Asho reported clashes on 18 November near Goke Gyi Village in Ngape Township, situated along the road near the Rakhine border. A representative from the People's Revolution Alliance-Magway stated that military junta has attempted at least four ground reinforcement operations via the Ann-Padan road during November, using both air and ground transport. Resistance forces continue targeting military junta convoys, disrupting reinforcement efforts and leading to frequent clashes along the route. Combat in Ann Township has escalated since September when AA initiated attacks on military junta bases, capturing at least eight battalion positions.
Kachin Independence Army Captures Strategic Border Town of Kan Paik Ti
According to Myanmar Now, the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) and allied forces captured Kan Paik Ti, Kachin State on 20 November 2024, completing their control of Special Region 1. A local resident informed that the offensive began around 9:00 am, with full control established by 5:00 pm the same day. The KIA-led alliance secured all administrative buildings, the police station, and military camps in the town, located in Waingmaw Township near the China border, approximately 50 miles east of Myitkyina. Forces opposing the KIA retreated across the border to China with their families, while remaining personnel were captured during clearing operations.
Since October, the KIA and its allies have conducted operations around Pangwa (Pang War) in Chipwe Township and Kan Paik Ti in Waingmaw Township. Special Region 1, encompassing Chipwe and Tsawlaw townships along with Kan Paik Ti, was previously under the control of border guard forces commanded by Zahkung Ting Ying, 84.
Zahkung Ting Ying separated from the KIA in 1968 and served as a Communist Party of Burma (CPB) commander. Following the CPB's dissolution in 1989, he established the New Democratic Army-Kachin (NDA-K). In 2009, the NDA-K was incorporated into the border guard force (BGF) structure.
In June, Zahkung Ting Ying's border forces issued a statement declaring their intent to combat any KIA or PDF forces entering their territory. Orders from 7 June authorized BGF battalions 1001, 1002, 1003 to engage KIA and resistance forces in their area. The KIA and allies captured Sadung, Waingmaw Township, less than 14 miles west of Kan Paik Ti on 11 June. Combat paused after Sadung's capture but resumed in September following KIA vice chair Lt-Gen Sumlut Gun Maw's social media statement calling the BGF orders illegitimate. The renewed offensive resulted in the capture of Chipwe, Tsawlaw, Pangwa, Hpi Maw, and Kan Hpan. Since March, the KIA and allied forces have secured multiple strategic locations including Sumprabum, Injangyang, Sadung, Chipwe, Tsawlaw, Hpi Maw, Pangwa, Dawthponeyan, Sinbo, Myo Hla, and Momauk, as well as the border trade town of Lwegel in Kachin State. They have also captured Mabein Town and Nam Hpat Kar Village in Kutkai Township, northern Shan State.
Activities of the National Unity Government and Ethnic Groups
Acting President Stresses Creative Thinking and Caution in Spring Revolution Strategy
“The Spring Revolution is the largest people’s movement since independence, and it is no longer possible to return to the old ways. We must think creatively and realistically, considering the potential side effects to avoid harming the people,” said Acting President Duwa Lashi La of NUG during a cabinet meeting on 26 November 2024. The Acting President emphasized the importance of managing the pressure from China’s foreign policy and ensuring that its impact on the revolution does not become overwhelming. He also stressed the need for strategic planning with alternatives to avoid over-reliance on China.
National Unity Government and Allies Call for International Action Against Myanmar’s Military Leader
On 30 November 2024, the National Unity Government, Karen National Union, Karenni National Progressive Party, and Chin National Front issued a joint statement urging neighboring countries, ASEAN, the United Nations, and the international community to remain vigilant in preventing support for the terrorist military council leader, who is accused of committing crimes against humanity. The groups declared that any election held by the leader, who is wanted for crimes against humanity, would be entirely illegitimate. They also called on military members to free the military from the control of Min Aung Hlaing, who is responsible for these crimes, warning that both he and his associates would face inevitable consequences. The statement emphasized the importance of establishing a new security sector aligned with the principles of federal democracy, one that serves the people and is not politically connected. The groups pledged to do everything possible to arrest and prosecute the individual responsible for crimes against humanity and to hold accountable those responsible for atrocities against the Myanmar people through international judicial channels, such as the ICC and ICJ, in accordance with international law.
NUG Ministry of Education Sets Dates for 2024 Basic Education Completion Exam
On 30 November 2024, the Ministry of Education of the National Unity Government (NUG) announced the schedule for the 2024 Basic Education Completion Assessment (Old System Grade 10) exam. Students who meet the eligibility criteria and have applied online will be able to take the exam between 5 December 2024, and 28 February 2025. Students who applied to take the exam offline will be assigned specific exam dates based on their respective townships and exam centers.
NUG and Allied Bodies Urge Action Against Gender-Based Violence
During 16 Days of Activism on 28 November 2024, the National Unity Consultative Council, the National Unity Government, the Joint Cooperation Committee on Gender Policy (JCC-Gender Policy), and the Ministry of Women, Youth and Children Affairs issued a joint statement in recognition of the 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence. The statement emphasized that, just as the military dictatorship’s violence was challenged during the Spring Revolution, violence against women and girls must also be confronted with equal urgency. The joint statement outlined the necessity of implementing the gender policy, the strategic framework for women, peace, and security, as well as a gender budget. It also called for comprehensive measures to prevent violence against women and girls, including emergency responses, legal assistance, and health and psychosocial support. Additionally, the statement urged international organizations, including the United Nations, to collaborate fully and act with political will in addressing the issue. The 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence, running from 25 November to 10 December 2024, is a global campaign that highlights the critical human rights issue of violence against women.
Permanent Representative of Myanmar to the United Nations, Ambassador Kyaw Moe Tun Makes Series of Statement and Media Stakeout at 79th UN General Assembly
Statement at UN Security Council Media Stakeout (20 November 2024)
Myanmar's Ambassador Kyaw Moe Tun conveyed that the people of Myanmar are deeply frustrated over the UN Security Council's lack of effective action on Myanmar during a media stakeout in New York. He reported ongoing military junta atrocities including aerial bombings, mass killings, arbitrary arrests, and forced conscription that have caused unprecedented civilian suffering. The Ambassador urged UN member states to immediately stop flows of arms, weapons, jet fuel, and financial supplies to the military junta. He strongly rejected the junta's planned elections and it will be neither free nor fair, emphasizing that the people already expressed their will through the 2020 free and fair elections. The military ignored the people’s will by staging the illegal coup in 2021. The Ambassador called on UNSC member states to bring hope through this private meeting on Myanmar while thanking UK Ambassador Barbara Woodward and her team for their efforts.
Statement on Draft Resolution on "Situation of human rights of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Myanmar" (20 November 2024)
Myanmar's Ambassador Kyaw Moe Tun expressed concern that the draft resolution tabled by EU and OIC member states failed to adequately reflect Myanmar's current crisis and people's concerns. He highlighted limited consultation during negotiations, though acknowledging discussions with Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia and EU. The Ambassador particularly regretted the exclusion of stronger language on stopping arms and jet fuel transfers to the military junta, expressing extreme disappointment that consensual HRC resolution 55/20 language was not incorporated. He reported recent escalation of brutal atrocities including airstrikes in Kachin and northern Shan states. The Ambassador stressed that the military dictatorship and its culture of impunity remain the root cause of Myanmar's crisis, including the Rohingya issue. He called for member states' support in ending military dictatorship and establishing a federal democratic union.
Statement at the Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women - 79th UNGA (25 November 2024)
Myanmar's Ambassador Kyaw Moe Tun reported that the military junta's illegal coup since February 2021 has severely intensified violence against women and girls in Myanmar. He detailed how military atrocities, including indiscriminate airstrikes, village burnings, arbitrary arrests, torture, and sexual violence as weapons of war, have left women, girls, children, and LGBTQ people acutely vulnerable. Despite these threats, the Ambassador highlighted how Myanmar women human rights defenders continue their courageous resistance against military dictatorship. He announced the National Unity Government's "16 Days of Activism" campaign to end violence against women and girls, while calling for UN concrete actions to address the root cause, end impunity, and bring justice to victims.
Response of the International Community
UNICEF Reports Children Account for Nearly 40 Percent of Displaced People in Myanmar
UNICEF report on 21 November stated that children constitute almost 40 percent of over 3.4 million people displaced in Myanmar due to ongoing civil war and extreme weather events.
Since military junta's illegal coup attempt in February 2021, Myanmar has faced escalating conflict. The country also suffered devastating impacts from Typhoon Yagi in September, which caused major floods, resulting in over 400 deaths and forcing hundreds of thousands to evacuate their homes. UNICEF Deputy Executive Director Ted Chaiban stated that the humanitarian crisis in Myanmar is reaching a critical point, with intensifying conflict and climate impacts placing children and families at unprecedented risk. He noted that of the 3.4 million displaced people across the country, nearly 40 percent are children.
Military junta's continuous airstrikes and artillery attacks on civilian communities have contributed significantly to this humanitarian crisis. Chaiban reported that the combined effects of armed conflict and severe weather events have devastated children's lives, leaving them displaced, exposed to violence, and without access to healthcare and education.
On 15 November, seven children and two civilians lost their lives in a strike on a church compound in Kachin State where children were playing football. Kachin state, home to the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), has witnessed ongoing conflict between ethnic armed groups and military junta forces.
UNICEF reported that at least 650 children have been killed or wounded in violence this year. Children also represented approximately one-third of over 1,000 civilian casualties from landmines and explosive remnants of war.
Chaiban emphasized that the increasing use of lethal weapons in civilian areas, including airstrikes and landmines striking homes, hospitals, and schools, has severely limited safe spaces for children, violating their fundamental rights to safety and security.
On second week of November, military junta's airstrike on a teashop in Nawnghkio, northern Shan state, resulted in eleven fatalities, further highlighting the ongoing threats to civilian safety.
Malaysia Calls for Urgent Action on Myanmar Crisis, Emphasizes Support for ASEAN's Role
Malaysia's Counsellor to the United Nations, Ms. Nur Azura Abd Karim, delivered a statement on 15 November 2024 after the adoption of Resolution L.46/Rev.1 on the situation of human rights of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Myanmar. The statement highlighted Malaysia's deep concerns over escalating violence and human rights violations in Rakhine State.
Ms. Karim emphasized that as a close neighbor and ASEAN member, Malaysia recognizes the direct and far-reaching implications of the Myanmar crisis for both Malaysia and the region. She called for immediate action to halt violence, protect civilians, and ensure unhindered delivery of humanitarian assistance to those in need.
Addressing ASEAN's role, Ms. Karim noted the recent adoption of the ASEAN Leaders' Review and Decision on the Implementation of the Five-Point Consensus at the October 2024 Summit. She expressed disappointment over the lack of meaningful progress in implementing the Five-Point Consensus and stressed that ASEAN's efforts must be supplemented by concrete actions from the international community, particularly the UN Security Council.
The Malaysian representative emphasized that ASEAN should not be used as a pretext for inaction or to deflect accountability. She called on the Security Council to take decisive steps to ensure full implementation of Security Council Resolution 2669 (2022) and enhance ASEAN's efforts to resolve the crisis.
Regarding the Rohingya crisis, Ms. Karim highlighted the continuous influx of refugees into neighboring countries, which strains national resources of host countries, including Malaysia. She called for proportionate burden and responsibility sharing, urging signatories of the 1951 Refugee Convention to uphold their international obligations by receiving more refugees for relocation and resettlement.
The statement emphasized the importance of addressing root causes of the Rohingya crisis to enable their safe, voluntary, and dignified return to Rakhine State. Ms. Karim pointed out that discriminatory laws and policies denying the Rohingya their fundamental right to citizenship have perpetuated discrimination, racial hatred, and persecution, violating international human rights law. Malaysia reaffirmed its commitment to working with fellow ASEAN Member States and the international community to resolve the current political and humanitarian crisis in Myanmar.
UK's UN Ambassador Calls for Protection of Myanmar Civilians, Condemns Airstrikes
The United Kingdom's Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Ambassador Barbara Woodward, delivered strong remarks supporting Myanmar's people and their democratic aspirations following a closed-door UN Security Council session on 20 November. The meeting marked the UK's presidency of the Security Council and was the sixth discussion on Myanmar this year.
Ambassador Woodward highlighted the escalating violence against civilians, noting that between August and October, airstrikes reached their highest levels since February 2021. She emphasized the increasing use of improvised explosive devices, landmines, and shelling, which have surpassed all previous years since 2021. The Ambassador strongly condemned these actions, declaring that those responsible must be held accountable and that the time for Council action is far overdue.
The humanitarian situation has deteriorated significantly, with over one-third of Myanmar's population requiring aid for survival. The UN Development Programme has warned of imminent acute famine in Rakhine State. Access to humanitarian assistance remains severely restricted, while basic services are unavailable to the population. The blocking of medical supplies, including vaccines, has led to outbreaks of cholera and other preventable diseases. In September, the UK introduced a draft resolution calling for the immediate cessation of violence against civilians, compliance with international humanitarian law, halting weapons and fuel supplies, full implementation of ASEAN's Five Point Consensus, and increased humanitarian assistance.
Ambassador Woodward noted that while most Security Council members support these measures, and ASEAN has called for strengthened cooperation with the UN, action has been prevented by a minority of Council members. The UK has taken concrete steps by imposing sanctions on 25 individuals and 33 businesses involved in weapons and jet fuel trade. Since 2021, the UK has provided nearly $200 million in emergency and life-saving assistance to Myanmar's people. The Ambassador reaffirmed the UK's commitment to standing with the people of Myanmar and emphasized the urgent need for Security Council action to address the ongoing crisis.
39 Foreign Nationals Escape Online Scam Operation, Seek Safety in Thailand
Thai police officials told AFP on 25 November that 39 foreign nationals fled from Myawaddy, crossing the border into Thailand's Tak Province.
Colonel Pittayakorn Petcharat, Mae Sot police chief, confirmed that nationals from Sri Lanka, Nepal, Malaysia, and Russia escaped from an area controlled by military junta-aligned militia. The group crossed into Thailand on 24 November, according to a Mae Sot security force member who requested anonymity.
Thai authorities reported they are working to identify potential trafficking victims among the group. The Sri Lankan embassy in Bangkok had previously requested assistance from Thai authorities after learning that 32 Sri Lankan citizens were trapped in Myanmar. The escaped group included 32 Sri Lankans, five Nepalis, one Malaysian, and one Russian national.
Thai local media reported that the individuals had responded to social media advertisements promising lucrative employment but were subsequently subjected to harsh conditions in the operation center. Some Sri Lankan workers later managed to contact their embassy.
Previously concentrated along Myanmar's northern border with China, many such operations were conducted under military junta-aligned militias. However, an ethnic rebel alliance offensive last year displaced numerous operations. Chinese state media reported that over 40,000 individuals suspected of involvement in cyber fraud in Myanmar were transferred to China in 2023.
Local Myanmar media reported that those who fled the northern offensive have relocated their operations southward along the Thailand border. In December, military junta leadership and Thai military officials discussed addressing these operations near Myawaddy, according to Myanmar state media. These operations in Myanmar's border regions have led to the trafficking and forced labor of foreigners who are coerced into defrauding their compatriots, in an industry that analysts estimate to be worth billions.
ICC Prosecutor Seeks Arrest Warrant for Military Junta Chief for Crimes Against Humanity
International Criminal Court (ICC) Chief Prosecutor Karim Khan requested judges on 27 November to issue an arrest warrant for military junta chief Min Aung Hlaing for alleged crimes against humanity committed against the Rohingya people. Khan stated that after an extensive, independent, and impartial investigation, his office concluded there were reasonable grounds to believe Min Aung Hlaing bears criminal responsibility for crimes against humanity.
The ICC prosecutor initiated an investigation in 2019 into suspected crimes against the Rohingya in Rakhine State in 2016 and 2017, which led to the exodus of 750,000 predominantly Muslim minority members to Bangladesh.
Singapore Warns Myanmar Military's Actions Risk Undermining ASEAN Unity
Singapore's Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen warned that actions by the military junta could weaken a fundamental principle of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), according to Channel News Asia's report on 20 November.
Speaking at the 18th ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting (ADMM) in Laos, Dr Ng stated that the military junta's conduct risks undermining ASEAN Centrality, a principle carefully developed over two decades of defence cooperation.
The Singapore Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) reported that Dr Ng expressed concerns about the ADMM, ASEAN's highest defence consultative mechanism, potentially losing credibility. These comments came in response to stalled issues due to military junta's objections, though specific details were not disclosed.
MINDEF noted that Dr Ng highlighted how the military junta's behavior contradicts the ASEAN Leaders' Review and Decision on the Implementation of the Five-Point Consensus issued in October 2024, which stipulates that Myanmar's crisis should not affect ASEAN decision-making.
The Five-Point Consensus, a peace plan agreed upon by ASEAN members to resolve the crisis, has seen limited implementation by the military junta. Dr Ng urged Myanmar not to use ASEAN for political retaliation or place the ADMM in challenging positions for its purposes. The defence minister called for unity among other ministers to maintain ADMM's centrality. The meeting concluded with an agreement to continue discussions on pending issues next year.
According to a United Nations report in September, over 5,000 civilians have lost their lives and more than 3.3 million people have been displaced since February 2021, when the military illegally attempted to seized power and ousted the democratically elected government.
Myanmar Records Highest Number of Landmine Casualties Globally in 2023
The International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) reported on 20 November 2024 that Myanmar had the highest number of landmine and unexploded ordnance casualties worldwide in 2023, with over 1,000 people killed or wounded, according to The Irrawaddy.
The ICBL's latest Landmine Monitor report documented 1,003 casualties in Myanmar during 2023, surpassing Syria (933), Afghanistan (651), and Ukraine (580). Myanmar remains a non-signatory to the United Nations convention prohibiting the use, stockpiling, or development of anti-personnel mines.
The report noted a significant increase in anti-personnel mine deployment around infrastructure such as mobile phone towers and energy pipelines, which are frequent targets of attacks. The ICBL presented evidence showing anti-personnel mines manufactured in Myanmar were captured in various parts of the country monthly between January 2022 and September 2024. The organization also reported instances of civilians being forced to walk ahead of military units to clear mine-affected areas, constituting a serious violation of human rights.
Globally, the ICBL documented 5,757 landmine and explosive remnant casualties in 2023, with 1,983 deaths and 3,663 injuries. Civilians constituted 84 percent of all recorded casualties. This represents an increase from 2022, which saw 4,710 casualties, including 1,661 deaths and 3,015 injuries, with 34 cases of unknown status. The United Nations reports that over 3 million people have been displaced in Myanmar since February 2021, heightening the risks posed by landmines and unexploded ordnance across the country.
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Date: 30 November 2024
Permanent Mission of Myanmar to the United Nations, New York
